International migration and multiculturalism in Asia and South Korea

노트 : Paper prepared for presentation at the International Joint Symposium on “Sociopolitical Transformation in Globalizing Asia: Integration or Conflict?”, Waseda University, February 20-22, 2008

Understanding the Korean diaspora from comparative

노트 : Transformation & Prospect toward Multiethnic, Multiracial & Multicultural Society: Enhancing Intercultural Communication Session 2 “Diaspora 1

Self-Employment in Business among U.S. Ethnic Groups

The intergroup variations in self-employment rates are understood as the outcome of the interaction of the following three factors: employment opportunity structures in the labor market, business opportunity structures, and the relative organizing capacity of members of an ethnic group to mobilize resources. This interactive model of ethnic entrepreneurship is applied to the Chinese, Japanese, Koreans, whites, and blacks in the United States. The data for this study come from the 1 % and 5% samples of the 1980 and 1990 U.S. Censuses. The main findings are as follows. First, Chinese and Korean immigrants with college grades are most likely to be self-employed due to the combination of labor market disadvantage and resource advantage. Second, Japanese and white immigrants with college grades are not likely to be self-employed due to labor market advantage. Finally, American blacks are the least likely to be self-employed due to the combination of the low value attached to self-employment and resource disadvantage

South Koreans' attitudes toward foreigners, minorities and multiculturalism

노트 : Paper prepared for presentation at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association, Boston, MA from August 1-4, 2008

International Family Migration and Labormarket Outcomes of Immigrant Couples : Do Types of Migration Matter?

This study examines whether immigrant womens labor-market outcomes relative to those of immigrant men vary across different types of family migration. Using matched pairs of husbands and wives from the 2000 U.S Census, this study investigates the impact of international family migration on immigrant women's employment status and hourly earnings. The results show that, for women, wife-initiated migration is positively associated with employment, compared to husband-initiated and simultaneous migration. In relation to the moderating effect of education, for wife-initiated migration, women are also more likely to be employed as education rises. Thus, for wife-initiated migration, the gender gap diminishes substantially with increasing education. Consistent with the analyses of employment status, for women, wife-initiated migration is positively associated with higher hourly earnings. The moderating effect of education also shows that, for women, the positive association between wife-initiated migration and hourly earnings increases with education

Cognitive improvement after long-term electrical stimulation of bilateral anterior thalamic nucleus in refractory epilepsy patients

AbstractIntroductionThe cognitive and behavioral effect of deep brain stimulation (DBS) administered to the deep cerebral nuclei for epilepsy treatment is unknown. We investigated the cognitive outcomes at least 12 months after DBS to the bilateral anterior thalamic nucleus (ATN) for controlling intractable epilepsy.MethodsNine patients with intractable epilepsy who were not candidates for resective surgery, but who were treated by bilateral ATN DBS underwent cognitive and behavioral assessments before implantation and more than 1 year after DBS surgery. Postoperative cognitive assessments were carried out under a continuous stimulation mode.ResultsThe mean seizure-reduction rate of these patients after ATN DBS was 57.9% (35.6–90.4%). Cognitive testing showed favorable results for verbal fluency tasks (letter and category, p<0.05), and a significant improvement in delayed verbal memory was observed (p=0.017). However, we did not observe any significant changes in general abilities (IQ, MMSE), information processing (digit forward and backward, Trail A, and Digit Symbol), or executive function (Trail B and WCST). Interestingly, we did not observe any significant cognitive decline approximately 1 year (mean, 15.9 months) after ATN DBS surgery.ConclusionsWe showed that ATN DBS not only resulted in promising clinical effects but was also associated with improvements in both verbal recall and oral information processing, which may be related to the bilateral activation of the fronto-limbic circuit following DBS surgery. Further controlled, long-term studies with larger populations are warranted for elucidating the clinical effects of ATN DBS

EFFECTS OF THREE PREPARATORY MOVEMENTS ON SIDEWARD PROPULSIVE MOVEMENT

This study investigated the effects of three preparatory movements (squat, countermovement and hopping) on the sideward propulsive movement. Seven subjects were analyzed in 3-D to determine how fast they reacted to external signals, using three techniques, to reacl1 an aIming spot. The hopping and the countermovement types were considered better than the squat type in the propulsion. The hopping particularly showed the shortest duration from the external signal to take-off and also recorded high extension moments due to the pre-stretch mechanism for the push-off phase